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علوم اجتماعی و جامعه شناسی::
دانش پزشکی-روانی
In Norway, legislation in 1929 allowed for the indefinite detention of those who posed a danger due to 'abnormal conditions of the soul', an amalgam of religious and medico-psychological knowledge that marked the crossover point in the respective dominance of these discourses in criminal justice policy.
Although, in Finland, medico-psychological knowledge was to have minimal impact on policy and administration,9 the use of the indefinite sentence as a form of social defence was reinforced by the Dangerous Recidivists Act 1932: those who endangered 'public or private security' by their repeated offending would be contained indefinitely.
First, in the form of the growing presence of medico-psychological knowledge in penal discourse.
Medico-psychological knowledge, the main vehicle for this secular absolution of criminal responsibility in the social democratic welfare sanction, was only allowed to make limited intrusions into Anglophone criminal justice systems (notwithstanding the references to 'mental weaknesses' and similar comments in the prison reports in the inter war years).
This remained so even in the post-1945 period, after medico-psychological knowledge had been able to demonstrate successes in alleviating Allied physical and mental wounds during the war, as well as in operations it had helped to conduct against the Nazis (Rose, 1985).
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